What is known as the heart's "natural pacemaker"?

The sinoatrial node is recognized as the heart's "natural pacemaker" due to its role in initiating the electrical impulses that dictate the heart's rhythm. Located in the right atrium, this specialized cluster of cells generates electrical signals that spread through the heart, causing the atria to contract and pump blood into the ventricles. It sets the pace for the heartbeat, typically firing at a rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute, which is essential for maintaining an adequate heart rate.

The sinoatrial node's influence is crucial for coordinating the timing of heart contractions, ensuring that the heart beats in a regular and efficient manner. Its automaticity means it can spontaneously depolarize without external stimulation, making it the primary source of the heart's rhythmic activity. Hence, this capability is what establishes it as the natural pacemaker of the heart, in contrast to other components of the conduction system, which support or follow the impulses initiated by the sinoatrial node.